Reclaiming Roots: Canada’s Citizenship by Descent Expansion

Reclaiming Roots: Canada’s Citizenship by Descent Expansion

In June 2025, Ottawa introduced Bill C‑3, modernizing citizenship by descent to reflect today’s diverse, global families. Once implemented, the legislation removes the outdated rule that limited citizenship to the first generation born abroad.

What Bill C‑3 Does

Under current rules, Canadians born outside the country can’t pass citizenship to their children born abroad. This restricts citizenship to just one generation. Bill C‑3 removes this barrier and applies retroactively: anyone who was denied citizenship under old rules will receive it automatically once the law is enacted.

Substantial Connection Requirement

Moving forward, to pass citizenship, a Canadian parent must have spent at least 1,095 cumulative days (three years) physically in Canada before the birth or adoption of their child abroad. This ensures recipients maintain a meaningful Canadian connection.

Who Benefits

• Second-generation children born abroad

• Descendants of Canadians affected by past citizenship laws (“Lost Canadians”)

• Families with global ties seeking a lasting bond to Canada

Why It Matters

• Strengthens family ties around the world

• Righting past injustices for those excluded by old rules

• Reinforces Canada’s inclusive identity and global citizenship

What You Should Do Now

1. Compile Proof – Collect immigration stamps, tax returns, and Canadian travel documents showing 1,095 days in Canada.

2. Monitor Bill C‑3’s Progress – Keep track of its legislative stages and Royal Assent timeline.

3. Prepare to Apply – Once it’s law, plan your route to reclaim or register citizenship.